Overview of infrastructure in Libya

=Terminals=

Libya has six major oil terminals and storage facilities on the Mediterranean coast, comprising five in the east of the country - Es Sider (Libya's largest at 447,000 bpd), Zueitina (214,000 bpd), Ras Lanuf (195,000 bpd), Marsa El Brega (51,000 bpd) and Marsa El Hariga, or Tobruk (51,000 bpd) - and Zawia (199,000 bpd) in the West. In January 2011, before the outbreak of the revolution, these six terminals combined to load 1.157 million barrels per day (bpd). Several smaller oil terminals loaded a combined 333,000 bpd, bringing Libya's total loading volume before the 2011 war to 1.49 million bpd.

In addition to export shut-ins as a result of the 2011 conflict, political protests around the July 2012 elections caused the three major export terminals in the east (Es Sider, Ras Lanuf, and Brega) to be shut down for 48 hours. This shut in half of Libya's exporting capacity and cut production by 300,000 bpd due to blockages.

=Refineries=

As of 2011 LIbya had a total refining capacity of 378,000 barrels per day (bpd). The country has five domestic refineries at Ras Lanuf (Libya's largest), Zawia, Brega, Tobruk and Sarir. The national oil companies in charge of operations are Ras Lanuf Oil & Gas Processing Co (220,000 bpd), Zawia Oil Refining Company (120,000 bpd), Sirte Oil Company (SOC) (8,000 bpd), Tobruk Refining (20,000 bpd) and Sarir Refining (10,000 bpd).

In order to keep up with hydrocarbon output goals, the Libyan government is considering upgrades to refining infrastructure in order to provide the necessary capacity. According to Deputy Oil Minister Omar Shakmak, the plans include possibly building two new refineries, perhaps in the easter Tobruk region and another in the south.

=Pipelines=

Oil
Libya is traversed by pipelines connecting producing fields to processing and export facilities. Two of the longest are the 726-kilometre line connecting the Elephant field to the Mellitah complex, and the 550-kilometre line connecting the Waha fields to the Es Sider terminal.

In mid-2012 German energy company Wintershall announced plans to build a new 55-kilometre oil pipeline to connect the Nafoora and Amal oil fields., at a cost of U $38 million.

Natural gas
The Greenstream natural gas pipeline, a link in the chain of the Western Libya Gas Project (WLGP) operational since 2003, exports the majority of Libya's natural gas produced to European markets.

=References=