EITI in Iraq
Iraq signed up to EITI in February 2010 and issued a draft of its first reconciliation report at the start of 2012[1]
Iraq first announced its intent to implement the EITI in 2008 and Deputy Minister Mr Barham Salih met with EITI Chairman Peter Eigen in Baghdad in October 2008[2]. The Iraq EITI (IEITI) Launch Conference took place on 9-10 January 2010, when Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki announced Iraq's formal candidacy[3]. The first IEITI Stakeholder Council meeting was held on 22-23 September 2010. Civil society was represented by several organisations, and in 2011 formed a coalition grouping more than 40 organisations around the EITI initiative.
On the 12 December 2012 Iraq was declared a "compliant country" by the EITI Board on the basis of a final validation report released in August 2012. According to the official EITI website, protracted and difficult negotiations took place between the IEITI and the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG), but the 2010 will cover Kurdistan's oil and gas production and revenues, which will be reflected in a separate chapter.[4]
However despite Iraq's history of collaboration with the EITI, Revenue Watch Institute highlights a lack of awareness among civil society, particularly in the northern Kurdish region, as an obstacle.[5]
Contents |
First Reconciliation Report: December 2011
The first reconciliation report was issued by Iraq's EITI Secretariat on the 23 December 2011. It tallied some $41.3 billion of receipts by the State Oil Marketing Organisation (SOMO) in sales of Iraqi oil to international buyers. It initially showed a discrepancy of $1,090 million between figures reported by SOMO and those of the buying companies but these were all subsequently explained in follow-up consultations, said the report, prepared by Price Waterhouse Cooper.
The report also reconciled the physical quantities of oil sent from Iraq's two main producing companies, North Oil Company and South Oil Company, to SOMO.
The report used a disaggregated system, listing 34 companies which had bought oil from SOMO during 2009 and further breaking up the figures into regional markets. The top three buying companies were the Indian Oil and Gas company, with over four billion dollars worth, ExxonMobil with over three billion dollars, Total with just under three billion dollars, and BP with over two billion dollars.
| Company Name | SOMO | Buyer | Variance
|
|---|---|---|---|
| INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED - INDIA | 4,695,576,254 | 4,500,744,731 | -194,831,522
|
| CHEVRON PRODUCTS COMPANY | 3,425,398,382 | 3,047,447,462 | -377,950,919 |
| EXXONMOBIL SALES AND SUPPLY LLC. U.S.A | 3,177,291,327 | 3,157,920,626 | -19,370,701 |
| TOTAL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED – FRANCE | 2,965,904,327 | 2,817,337,283 | -148,567,044 |
| CONOCOPHILLIPS INTERNATIONAL TRADING PTE. LTD. | 2,737,804,011 | 2,740,504,520 | 2,700,509 |
| SINOCHEM INTERNATIONAL OIL (LONDON) CO. LTD | 2,392,402,310 | 2,175,822,577 | -216,579,733 |
| BP OIL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED – LONDON | 2,300,671,969 | 2,300,671,969 | 0 |
| VALERO SUPPLY AND MARKETING COMPANY | 1,860,376,364 | 1,915,077,038 | 54,700,674 |
| ENI COMPANY | 1,780,734,981 | 1,780,734,981 | 0 |
| SHELL INTERNATIONAL EASTERN TRADING COMPANY LIMITED | 1,775,848,179 | 1,920,093,763 | 144,245,584 |
| SK ENERGY EUROPE LIMITED | 1,448,268,927 | 1,300,298,708 | -147,970,220 |
| REPSOL YPF TRADING Y TRANSPORT S.A. | 1,402,819,238 | 1,402,819,238 | 0 |
| KOCH SUPPLY AND TRADING L.P | 952,568,079 | 1,027,146,001 | 74,577,923 |
| CHINA ZHENHUA OIL CO. LTD. | 926,379,176 | 926,379,176 | 0 |
| PETROLIO BRASILERIO S.A. – PETROBRAS | 812,143,771 | 812,143,771 | 0 |
| TURKISH PETROLIUM REFINERIES CORP. (TUPRAS) – TURKEY | 809,676,034 | 809,676,034 | 0 |
| MITSUBISHI CORPORATION | 714,224,287 | 574,119,369 | -140,104,919 |
| COMPANIA ESPANOLA DE PETROLEOS, S.A. (CEPSA) | 662,332,305 | 662,332,305 | 0 |
| MOTOROIL (HELLAS) | 633,929,317 | 633,929,317 | 0 |
| UNIPEC ASIA CO. LTD. | 606,305,113 | 606,305,113 | 0 |
| SOCIETE ANONYME MAROCAINE DE L'INDUSTRIE DU RAFFINAGE (SAMIR) | 582,498,450 | 582,498,450 | 0 |
| HINDUSTAN PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD. – INDIA | 525,835,196 | 538,947,117 | 13,111,921 |
| JX NIPPON OIL & ENERGY CORPORATION | 523,078,003 | 375,129,376 | -147,948,627 |
| CHINA NATIONAL UNITED OIL CORPORATION | 469,046,369 | 504,679,862 | 35,633,493 |
| APIOIL LIMITED | 464,853,991 | 464,853,991 | 0 |
| PETROVIETNAM OIL CORPORATION (PV OIL) | 432,557,987 | 432,557,987 | 0 |
| ERG REFFINERIES MEDITERRANEE S.P.A. - GENOA / OTALY | 431,827,678 | 407,768,337 | -22,059,341 |
| LUKOIL INTERNATIONAL TRADING AND SUPPLY COMPANY | 335,587,059 | 335,587,059 | 0 |
| PETRONAS TRADING CORPORATION SDN BHD (PETCO) | 300,835,328 | 300,835,328 | 0 |
| IPLOM SPA ,REFFINERY IN BUSALLA - GENOA – ITALY | 289,776,698 | 289,776,698 | 0 |
| TOYOTA TSUSHO CORPORATION | 277,730,650 | 277,730,650 | 0 |
| SARAS S.P.A. – ITALY | 239,062,332 | 239,062,332 | 0 |
| PETROGAL S.A. LISBON – PORTUGAL | 176,425,620 | 176,425,620 | 0 |
| BHARAT PETROLEUM CORPORATION LTD. | 119,912,746 | 119,912,746 | 0 |
The report also noted that Price Waterhouse Cooper was supposed to receive confirmation that the sums reported by SOMO were actually deposited in the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, under the arrangement put in place by the UN Security Council, but that the bank had not supplied this confirmation. The report listed some 14 separate discrepancies in reports between SOMO and the buying companies.[6]
Criticism
Energy consultancy OpenOil has criticised the nature of Iraq's path towards EITI compliance, noting that submissions from buying companies were not always signed off by the CEO or CFO as stipulated by EITI rules, and that the Central Bank of Iraq was unable to obtain statements for the Development Fund for Iraqi oil revenues from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, despite multiple requests over a three-month period. Therefore there was no confirmation that the money received by the Iraqi government ultimately corresponded to the invoices sent out by SOMO. The author also called for a wider scope of implementation before Iraq was granted compliant status.[7]
External Links
Official Website: www.ieiti.org.iq
References
- ↑ "English IEITI Report" EITI, retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ↑ "EITI Secretariat's Iraq page" EITI, retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ↑ "Iraq Joins Global Transparency Effort" PWYP, retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ↑ "Iraq EITI" EITI', retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ↑ "Raising EITI Awareness Among CSOs in Iraq’s Northern Kurdish Area" Revenue Watch, retrieved 15 January 2013.
- ↑ "Reconciliation of cash inflows from the petroleum industry in Iraq in 2009" IEITI, retrieved 11 January 2012.
- ↑ "Iraq's First Reconciliation Report: Executive Summary" OpenOil, January 2012.
